Alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) is a large (725 KDa) plasma glycoprotein found at concentrations of 240 mg/100 ml in men and 290 mg/100 ml in women. This versatile protein functions through a unique "venus-flytrap" mechanism, inhibiting proteases of all catalytic types by forming a tetrameric cage around them.
Beyond protease inhibition, A2M binds and transports cytokines, growth factors, zinc, and damaged proteins. It promotes cell migration, enhances immune function by facilitating antigen processing, and stimulates lymphocyte regeneration in irradiated subjects.
A2M levels increase in nephrotic syndrome, liver cirrhosis, diabetes, and severe burn. Conversely, levels decrease in acute pancreatitis, hyperfibrinolytic states, and septicemia. Research indicates A2M's involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathology through binding and clearing amyloid-beta peptides.
Clinically, A2M shows promise as a therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis, where it inhibits cartilage-degrading enzymes.
Common uses include proteolytic enzyme studies, metal binding studies, biotherapeutic studies.
Not a hazardous substance or mixture.
11 - Combustible Solids