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Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) is a modified form of LDL in which both the lipid and protein components, particularly apolipoprotein B-100, undergo oxidative changes. These modifications include the formation of aldehydes, cross-linking of amino acids, and the generation of new antigenic epitopes, making Ox-LDL structurally and functionally distinct from native LDL. Functionally, Ox-LDL is recognized and taken up by macrophage scavenger receptors, leading to foam cell formation-a key step in atherogenesis. Ox-LDL also acts as a cytotoxin, injuring endothelial cells, increasing endothelial permeability, and promoting inflammatory responses, which further contribute to vascular dysfunction and lesion development.
Clinically, elevated levels of Ox-LDL are strongly associated with atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Ox-LDL is implicated in the progression of these diseases due to its pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects on vascular cells. In research and diagnostics, Ox-LDL is used to study cellular responses to oxidative stress, to assess cardiovascular risk, and as a probe in assays such as ELISA, Western blot, and fluorescence microscopy to track its uptake and effects in biological systems.
Common uses include IVD Assay standards, calibrators and controls, therapeutics research, cardiovascular research.
Not a hazardous substance or mixture.
12 - Non Combustible Liquids
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