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Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing enzyme predominantly found in neutrophil granules, where it plays a crucial role in the innate immune response. MPO catalyzes the oxidation of chloride ions by hydrogen peroxide to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent antimicrobial agent that destroys bacteria, viruses, and tumor cells within phagolysosomes during phagocytosis. This enzyme’s unique structure, including a sulfonium linkage in its heme group, grants it high oxidizing potential and enables it to oxidize a broad range of substrates, such as amino acids, thiols, and steroid hormones, through both halogenation and peroxidase cycles.
In addition to direct microbicidal activity, MPO can inactivate chemotactic factors, crosslink proteins, and modify biomolecules, which contributes to the regulation of inflammation and immune signaling. However, excessive or misdirected MPO activity is implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, arthritis, and cancer, due to tissue damage from reactive oxidants. Clinically, MPO serves as both a biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, and its selective cytotoxicity is being explored for antiseptic and anticancer applications.
Common uses include IVD Assay standards, calibrators and controls, infection and inflammation research, oxidative stress research, biosensor research and degradation assays.
Not a hazardous substance or mixture.
11 - Combustible Solids
